printenv is used to print out the environment variables. Environment variables are a common form of setting global values across a terminal session. Environment variables can be set by the systems, automation scripts, or by the user.
You can print your all environment variables using just printenv.
If you want to print the value of a specific variable you can use printenv <variable name>.
Conclusion
If you are ever stuck and want to know what was the value of the environment variable you can use it. I have found myself using this quite often when debugging issues in production or on my local machine.
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